Segmentation and targeting Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Segmentation and targeting - face-to-face Statement ExampleThe major consumer characteristics influencing market segmentation take geographic, psychographic, behavioral and demographic characteristics. nark and David, a leading internet-retail store that deals with delivery of fruit bequests exemplifies a successful marketing segmentation strategy. In the Harry and David site, segmentation has been achieved through development of a product mix consisting ofAmong the various gift segments, the products be targeted to the necessitate of specific customers using different mess shape ups. For instance, the birthday gift segment allows personalization of the gifts by adding a free gift card where the customer can write a specific message. Flower gifts are also well-kept to specific occasions like May Day (May 1st), Administrative professional day (April 25th), Earth day(April 22nd) and Nurses workweek (May 6th May 12th) among other occasions. Some of the Promotional messages used i n the product mix includeThe segmentation choice and the messages used in each category are suitable as they are tailored to provide a personal touch to the customers. However, I would include messages that appeal to the tastes of different age groups like teenagers, young adults and middle-age groups if I was responsible for marketing the Harry and David e-retail

Industrial law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Industrial law - Essay ExampleIt appears that the carrot and stick policy couched with a great deal of browbeating tactics used by the American business entities simply do non go down well with the powers that be in Britain, and for good reason. How can a nation with thousands of old age of history break through of which just a short while past she ruled the waves draw lessons conclusively from a nation born out of Britains own bosom only few centuries ago notwithstanding the bloody conception?Nonetheless, Britain has good reason to approach and compare her performances with her staunchest ally. Just as in the case of every other issue, on a subject like mess unionism thither is nothing so fulfilling as a comparison with the best, even if the lessons learnt turn out to be infeasible. (James J. Brudney) on that point is a strong universal feeling hitherto unexpressed, especially among business circles that the world could do without trade unions. It is felt that trade unionism, like the socialist form of governance, has been a failure. Britains tryst with bodied dicker has been particularly phlegmatic and uneventful. It is difficult to prove with any amount of conviction that something good has come out of trade unions. On the contrary, the identity of trade union has been riddled with anti-social activities, strikes, lockouts, go-slow tactics, union rivalries and even whitethornhem and murders. It may be for these reasons that nobody is really keen to be in the forefront when it comes to formations of trade unions in young corporations.Nonetheless, it must be granted that the presence of trade unions has had a transforming effect on society. Thanks to the principles of collective bargaining, there is more appreciation for the working class, better salaries and working conditions, better living standards, more purchasing power, and recognition and justice for the less privileged and the

Discuss the character of Achilles in Homers Hiad Essay

Discuss the character of Achilles in Homers Hiad - stress ExampleThus, Achilles can be seen as suffering an existential crisis in which he has to fight for glory, which his crowning(prenominal) pursuit in life, and he knows his following will cost him his life.A born soldier paladin in the art of killing, Achilles also wants to pursue glory, like many other Greek heroes. This perception of the justness of life takes him to Troy, to fight one of the most significant wars in human history. It becomes relevant here that in front coming to Troy his mother, the sea-nymph goddess Thetis has warned him that he will die in the war. An ordinary human may own been intimidated by this situation, but Achilles decides to continue the pursuit of glory rather than avoid his death. The basic trouble of his existential crisis stem from this decision and defiant nature that does not want to cringe at the dictates of the gods or the designs of fate. Thus, as befitting a hero of immaculate coura ge, Achilles leads his men to the battle and fights it with valor, driven by his quest for glory.The usual heroes one encounters in epical stories are God-fearing men, who acquiesce to the dictates of fate and the gods. However, Achilles seems to a person who rather will pursue the glory that belongs to heroes, who do what they must do to attain it, irrespective of what the gods project decided as his fate. Similarly, he does not acquiesce blindly to his leader but revolts when Agamemnon bruises his honor by taking his prize, Briseis. This makes him a character that has both positive and negative traits that mark the nature of normal earthly concern as opposed to legendary heroes. Similarly, he defiles the dead body of Hector as an act of retribution for killing his most beloved person, Patroclus. Usual heroes, considered as kind and forgiving, do not display such traits and, thereby, Iliad portrays Achilles as the first true individual who has both problematic characteristics. On the other hand,

Economic Analysis Paper The Professional Sports Industry Essay

Economic Analysis typography The Professional Sports Industry - Essay ExampleGrowth of public significance of modern sports (mainly big-time sports) eitherows to consider the sports as a complecated process. Sports as a separate and self-developing phenomenon has not yet become an object of classical sports conjecture researching.Professionalism of sports at last quater of XX century has got the general character and presently it is considered like a inherent process. The tear downts and peoples activity in professional sports attracts much attention of population of any country. Sports influences all spheres of life such as economics, poticy and culture. And touches many ethical problems of nowadays environment.It is considered that professional and big-time sports increases the state prestige, peace consolidation, and even popular sports. It is difficult to tell about the health problems which many sportsmen choose. It is a fact that most of the sportsmen have serious deseas es. Full-time trainings (especially for women and children), off-centred methods which include dopes and stimulators, various injuries, contests and fightings for the first place all these things hurt morally and physically greatly. It is not a secret that very often a criminal cases take place in the professional sports industry.The sports economy has got important quantative and qualitative changes lately. The new technologies of market are in use now and the interaction looks in such a way sports fan, and sports customer. The instruments and methods of management and marketing are actively utilise now.Along with the perfection and stirring up of the traditional instruments of influence on people (such as cost policy, advertising and quality) new trends got the impulse to development, the promotion of which became possible only with the help of Internet. A new virtual(prenominal) system of new economics began to develop. This system includes a complex of branches and groups of innovation economical activity. In bodily structure of virtual economics of sports the

Hegel's philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hegels doctrine - Essay ExampleHegels philosophy explains about the appearances, images and illusions throughout the history of human consciousness. He withstand had tried to search for the eternal consciousness of the mankind .According to Hegel Geist is a post dead presence of soul. Hegels philosophy explains right from the human response to consciousness to attaining great knowledge of the un-consciousness pertaining in the world The Geist were verbalise to make noise. They were described as the alien bodies which make their presence felt by their virtual movements and moving the physical things with out any(prenominal) sense of touch. The Geist is believed to be the Holy Spirit. Geist is said to lead the holy personalities to clear the eternal world and lead them to the father the mankind. Geist is not considered to be God but the follower and sermonizer of the ultimate. The Geist is the virtual essence of the ultimate which unifies the thought of community. The worldly kno wledge when enhanced enables a sprit to distinguish amongst the good and the bad existing. This conscience leads to control the thought and moves the spirit towards the right path of implementation. God sets the academic degree with the rules but the individual has to grasp the essence and has to cross the stages to be at the stage where he himself stomach judge the will.According to Hegel the self was nothing until the brainpower was able to relate the self to its concept of Self. Hegel believed that the individual, by interacting with early(a) individuals, other objects in the external environment, as well as other ideas in the world of the spirit, could clothe himself. According to Hegel self empowerment could only be achieved through interaction with other individuals, other objects, and other ideas. Institutions analogous the family civil society, education etc. were absolutely essential means to attain freedom of the individual. Hegel believes that the framework thin gs which are visible are inexistent. The object which evolved has to face the cycle of extinction. As the time evolves an object created is an object going to be in past in future. The existence is not immortal. Every stage a human being crosses has a lesson to learn. Organisism According to Hegel an object has to been seen as whole entity but not as individual pieces. He emphasizes that every part has an equal contribution to overall growth of the object. If adept section is diluted then it reflects on the other sections of the same objects. So, the working of each section is vital in building a strong system in an object. Human thoughts initially will be alike an embryo which as time evolves develops into a strong physical structure by accumulating energy resources, mind also develops the expanse of visualizing the situation in-depth as it gains the knowledge to interpret the thought. According to the empowerment should occur inherently to sharpen the panoramic view of a though t developed in the mind. Historicism The human thought and actions in various fields were bought from the historical implication rather than a spontaneous revolutionary idea. Thus Hegel signifies that the historical work done on an particular theme is a significant base for any overbold developments. The importance of the historical essence asserts on creating a clear idea of history to conceptualize any idea According to Hegel this system of steping back to the forward work enables us to pin-point at the fallouts of the previous and act upon the same to create a more meaning system.According to Hegel one must look at the individual in the society to know the value of the society. To understasnd the society of a region one must look at the history of the society.The persent senario existing in any society is due to the coeval forces acting on it.Hegel considered human societies as the main sources of observation rather than the other external factors like the religion,race, cul ture etc.He discribes that modern philopher now a days dont isolate his presence but tries to be in the society to bring the

Occupational Therapy as an Unheard Profession in the Country Essay

Occupational Therapy as an Unheard Profession in the rustic - Essay ExampleI grew up in the rural area of Pakistan. Occupational therapy is an unheard handicraft in the country. In 2004, my family immigrated to the U.S. This serves as an avenue for me to pursue a career in occupational therapy. I enrolled in Santa Monica after completing high school. I sniped and studied hard to fully grasp concepts and principles in Occupational therapy.I participated in marathons during high school and learn a valuable lesson in dedication. I thought that a couple of longer runs are sufficient in the preparation for a marathon. I performd that I was wrong after the marathon. I felt extremely disappointed with my performance because I knew I could have done better. I realized that I was not dedicating all my efforts to the marathon. This has made me realize the need to be fully dedicated and determined to pursue my desire to be an occupational therapist.I was able to finish high school and enrol l in community college to pursue my desire to be an occupational therapist. Hopefully, I can earn a bachelor degree in your esteemed university. I have consistently maintained a 3.23 point average in my studies. I will work harder to maintain a higher point average to represent your university in the best possible manner.I possess a yearning to effectively address the needs of individuals who have mental, social, and physical disabilities. Contrary to normal notion, these individuals require empathy and understanding instead of merely physical assistance. Dexterity and weakened areas of the body can be strengthened through rebuilding confidence among clients. Thus, physical needs, as well as psychological and turned on(p) well-being of these individuals, should be addressed. There are various strategies to address the needs of individuals with mental, social, and physical disabilities.

Critical analysis of activity based costing and traditional costing Assignment

Critical analysis of activity based monetary valueing and conventional follow establishment - Assignment ExampleIn the efforts to implement the Strategic Management Accounting cost in organizations,modern business enterprises find Activity-Based be as an improved costing outline by which the riddle of large number of indirect costs and their tryst problem can be overcome It has been spy that rudiment method is the most sought after innovation in the field of management cast statement in the last two decades. The method was originated in the Unites States of America during the 1980s as an improved system to enable better cost allocation by means of classification of more costs as direct ( cooper and Kaplan, 1988). The advocates of ABC method argue that the firms would be able to enhance their efficiency and cost bear without having affected the customers value, if ABC is successfully implemented and followed. However, its acceptance rate is still overwhelming across indus tries and countries condescension the strong recommendation by Robin Cooper and Robert S Kaplan, the proponents of the method. The main problem associated with the low executing rate may be attributed to the difficulties and complexities of the system. This newsprint discusses and analyses the ABS system as an improved cost adjudge technique. The paper takes comparative and analytical approach in which comparison is made between ABC and Traditional Costing System (TCS). The paper discusses the various aspects of ABC as a superior technique of cost control by assuming hypothetical examples. Every attempt is made to analyse the important characteristic of ABC with that of TCS in a critical manner. 2. Activity Based Costing- Meaning and SignificanceABC as the wee-wee signifies is a system of costing based on activities involved in transformation member. ABC is the process of simplifying and clarifying decisions required to be made by the management using activity costs. It analy zes the cost and the benefits of various operational and business activities. According to Computer Aided Manufacturing International (CAM-I), Activity-based costing is a methodology that measures the cost and performance of activities, resources, and cost objects. Resources are assigned to activities, then activities are assigned to cost objects based on their use. Activity-based costing recognizes the casual relationship of cost drivers to activities (CAM-I).ABC, which was basically developed as an alternative to traditional costing system enhances the scope of performance management as a measure. This system was propounded by Robin Cooper and Robert S Kaplan as a superior tool to overcome the limitations of TCS. The main inefficiency with TCS is that it fails to accurately measure the factual cost of production and hence decisions are made out of inaccurate data. Therefore, the main logic back end the emergence of ABC system revolves around supplying accurate information regard ing the cost of production, cost allocation which are vital for cost and profit analysis. The main argument in favour of the ABC system is that it is against the traditional system of cost allocation on a percentage basis. ABC system, instead takes into account the cost effect relationship for cost allocation on a subjective basis. Whenever a cost is incurred and identified in relation to an activity, the cost is allocated to the extent the product has used the activity. Supports of ABC system potently believe that supplying accurate information is the most important benefit of this system. In addition, ABC is reassert from the benefits such as cost control, cost reduction, more accurate allocation of indirect costs, improved acuteness into cost causation and identification of activity costs and improvement of operational efficiency (Kaplan and Anderson 2004). It has also been confirm for being able to supply accurate cost information which is necessary for fair pricing and ther eby adds value to customers.

Business Ethics Position Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Ethics Position radical - Essay ExampleThe first issue is regarding the working hours of employees in our preparation chains. The study indicates that three of our tot chains allow their employees to work for more than 60 hours a week, olibanum allowing the employees not to utilize their mean solar day off. However, I would like to point bulge out here that this is in blatant violation of the provider Requirements of the union. The Supplier Requirements point out that the maximum number of hours that can be allowed for an employee in a week is 40 hours (Article 25, Supplier Requirements). in time another serious issue observed in the assessment was the compulsory extra time enforced by our suppliers. I would like to mention here that this is against the homo right policies followed by the company in its entire operation. In addition, it is pointed out in the Supplier Requirements that all kinds of overtime should be rigorously voluntary (Article 33, Supplier Require ments). The company has decided to take strict corrective steps in this regard. As you rightly know, Motorola is committed to the normals of the United Nations Global Compact in its labor issues. So, the company always upholds the principle that businesses should uphold the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor (Motorola Corporate Responsibility Report 2011). eyesight these violations despite the companys best efforts to ensure human rights in its entire operations is highly disappointing. ... OTOVOICE and it will provide the employees of the supplier chains a chance to raise their concerns and grievances in the workplace tutelage anonymity. Most important of all, all the supply chains are required to take corrective musical rhythm within 2 months from hereof and duly inform the company. An additional inspection will be conducted by the company on receipt of this intimation. I would like to inform here that failure to meet this deadline would guide on to the c ancellation of the contract with the respective suppliers. Im sure that you will take necessary steps in this regard to uphold the values and working culture of Motorola. Expecting your continuing cooperation, To All the supply chain employee unions of Motorola From (Name) particular date March 15, 2011 Re The work environment in supplier chains STR-CSCC assessment 2011 I am profoundly happy to see your support and cooperation in the company operations making the company a huge success in its operations. However, we are seriously saddened to see that some of our employees are denied the basic human rights as evident from the findings by the Specialized Technology Resources (STR) Cal-Safety Compliance (CSCC) in its 2011 assessment in our study supply chains. The issues found in the STR-CC assessment were as follows. The first issue is regarding the working hours of employees in our supply chains. The study indicates that three of our supply chains allow their employees to work for more than 60 hours a week, thus forcing the employees not to utilize their day off, in blatant violation of the Supplier Requirements of the company. The Supplier Requirements point out that the maximum number of hours that can be allowed for an employee in a week is 40 hours (Article 25, Supplier Requirements). Yet another serious

How Ecotricity has obtained considerable business achievements within Essay

How Ecotricity has obtained huge business achievements within a short period of time - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that globalisation and the associated changes in the business environment greatly encouraged both cross border trade and petite business enterprises. A beautiful business represents a privately giveed and operated business venture having small number of employees and comparatively low sales volume. Small business is fondly termed as mom and knock down store in the United States. In the view of Fay, generation interpretation of an SME can be verbalise as a small firm is one that has only a small share of its commercialize, is managed in a personalised way by its owner or part-owner and not through the medium of an lucubrate management structure. Hence, a small firm does not have access to capital market for the issuance of public securities because of its insufficiency in size. As Macgregor and Vrazalic point out that the UK Companies Act 1989 does not stick o ut a small business enterprise to be the subsidiary of any new(prenominal) company. The legal definition of a small business enterprise varies from country to country mainly in terms of annual turnover and number of people employed. The emergence of the concept small business greatly stimulated entrepreneurs to start their venture with minimum investment and labour. Low and MacMillan have defined entrepreneurship simply as the formation of raw(a) enterprises. Ecotricity was founded by Dale Vince in 1995 using a single wind turbine. Within 15 years, the venture grew into worthy heights. As Loveless (2011) reports, Ecotricity was selected as one of the twenty five British small business firms in the first phase of the European Business Awards in 2011. Dale Vince is an innovative entrepreneur who is very different from other contemporary entrepreneurs including James Caan and Steve Jobs. The Telegraph reports that Dale Vince is a professional hippy of the kind the establishment us ed to mock (Telegraph). He was a former new age traveller and had protested against cruise missiles before he arrived at Gloucester. He always had his own interests and views but never paid attention to external suggestions. Although this trait steamed the credit lending institutions and other concerned parties, his strong decisions were evidently the keys to his success. Vince was never willing to accept trouble and this attitude assisted him to overcome threatening troubles with equanimity. Start-ups The push and pull opening clearly describes the concept of entrepreneurship. This theory claims that people are motivated to create innovative ventures by external factors. However, the external factors can be either positively charged or negative. As Dana (2004, p.134) opines, newly arising opportunities and potential elements of the industry are some of the positive factors that would inspire individuals to create new ventures. In contrast, an individual may besides be motivat ed by negative factors to start a new business (ibid). For instance, unemployment is a negative motivational factor. The push-pull theory also contends that an individuals family background can be a strong motive for starting a new business. Experiences show that poor and troubled family relations persuade people to be independent and this desire leads them to innovations. The first wind farm established in Cornwall was the major inspiration for Dale Vince, the founder of the Ecotricity to create his own venture. Referring to the push-pull theory, Vince was attracted to

Exploring the Literature and Finding Studies Assignment

Exploring the literary works and Finding Studies - Assignment Exampleknowledge gaps or the questions being asked related to theories, and the appropriate methodologies necessary in the investigation of the underlying issues. An efficient literature review is characterized be wide entropy anticipatees that are presented in the form of a paraphrased critical analysis (Jesson and Lacey, 2006 May and Holmes, 2012 Cleary, Hunt, and Horsfall, 2009).The two databases that I will use to unadulterated my literature review are Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PubMed. CINHAL abstracts and indexes legion(predicate) nursing, biomedical, allied health and consumer information sources (Kim and Yu, 2011 Cleary, Hunt, and Horsfall, 2009). The literature is presented in the form of books, dissertations, acts and educational software. PubMed database is operated by National depository library of Medicine (NLM), USA. It acts as a source of free archive providing journal literature on biomedical and life sciences (Lu, 2011 States et al., 2009). Standard searches are conducted through entering the key details of the subjects into the search windows (Chang, Heskett and Davidson, 2006). Comprehensive search requires entry of detailed understanding of the subject being researched on and requires the inclusion of more specific information such a names (Chang, Heskett and Davidson, 2006 Lu, 2011). Comprehensive searches are best conducted by specialists or

Correlations In research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Correlations In seek - Essay ExampleDepending on the type of the research, the data are later analyzed to draw come forward provable conclusions. For instance, a research can focus on temper and its effect on agriculture. From the alliance between agricultural productiveness and climate, variables can be identified to aid in the process of discipline collection. In the long run, a relevant hypothesis is then formulated which will be rejected or accepted depending on the outcome of the research.The favorability of climate is inversely proportional to the quality of agricultural productiveness in an area. In proving such a hypothesis, some of the most common working definitions are and so listed herein.I. Good climate - a good climate is one which fosters the production of agricultural products. Farming to a great extent relies on the pattern of rainfall. However, excessive rainfall destroys the crops in the field. The most conducive rainfall pattern, therefore, is one in which it rains moderately. A moderate rainfall is between twenty to sixty millimeters per day. According to this research, a good climate is therefore measured in terms of the volume of rainfall an area receives in a week. An admonishing climate is characterized by below ten millimeters of rainfall a day.II. Research productivity-The cast of researches carried out in an area defines its productivity in terms of contributing to human development. In this context, the productivity is compared on the number of researches that are produced in the region within a period of one year. A bad productivity infers zero to twenty cases within a year. On the other hand, good productivity refers to the production of liter to one hundred researches per year (Sharon and Anthony 66).Operational definitions present it possible for computation of research variables. Furthermore, the definitions of the conflicting factors make it easier for one to carry an effective research on the issues. The goodness o f climate is defined in a manner that enables

Molds and Yeasts in Microbiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Molds and Yeasts in Microbiology - Essay ExampleThey in addition differ in colour in that the molds atomic number 18 colourful while yeast is just bloodless and thread. Molds are in most cases live in moist, shadowy or steam-filled parts while yeast can be found in the stomachs of mammals, on fruits, on skin, etc.( Burton & Engelkirk, 2000 25)In spite of the fungis role in do diseases, they still are beneficial and useful organisms to the human beings and are utilise both commercially and industrially. For example, the use of yeasts in the fermentation process in brewing, bread making and drink making. Yeasts and opposite fungi also play a significant part in bio-control agent, food processing, enzyme biotechnology, drug manufacture, as well as research and development.People risk fungal infections when the stability of microorganisms in the vagina, mouth, intestines and other places in the body is interfered with, and results in an overgrowth of fungus. Pathogenic fungi caus e human infectious diseases which are classified according to their degree of wind involvement and means of entry to the host. (Cowan & Talaro, 2009 403).Superficial mycoses are cut back to the outmost cover of the skin, the hair, and nails. Some common examples are ringworm, athletes foot, jock itch, and yeast infections. Cutaneous mycoses go wooden-headed into the epidermis, and also comprise invasive hair and nail infections. Subcutaneous mycoses infections are localised to the dermis, subcutaneous tissue or adjacent structures such as muscle and fascia. However, systemic mycoses mainly involve deep infections of the inseparable organs because primary pathogens that are inherently virulent originate primarily in the lungs, and may distribute through to many organ systems (Jucker, 2003 18).Pathogenic fungi produce infections that are classified into two systemic and superficial. Systemic infections involve internal organs. Fungi can transmit a disease to deeper tissue causing septicemia, which

Photography Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Photography - Coursework ExampleThe image sensor featured in CMOS is smaller than the 22.3 mm 11.49 mm area of the image in 35 mm rich frame photographic television cameras (Guncheon 12), which results in a narrower view angle.The EOS 550Ds rear display is a 3-inch LCD widescreen and sports an aspect ratio display of 32. It has a standard definition 43 mode of aspect ratio that captures 640 480 pixel pictures with fifty frames every second in PAL mode and 59.94 frames every second in NTSC mode (Guncheon 18). Moreover, gibe movies in VGA mode allows for an effective zoom of 7. With regards to photo, the EOS 550D uses evaluating metering with more close to +/-5 values of exposure to choose from. This allows the camera to assess the position of the subject on the viewfinder and record the cameras orientation, rear and bet lighting conditions, and the general scenes brightness. Based on this information, it will set the right exposure and adhere to the general 15-18% grey scale for white balance and metering (Guncheon 19). In general photography to a lower place natural light, this is the best setting because it is possible to tweak dark and light areas afterwards.The image output choices for this camera is bare-assed, JPEG, and RAW+JPEG and can capture thirty four fine/large JPEG or six RAW frames in a burst. The camera creates JPEG using 14-bit Analog-to-Digital conversion, which makes for better, and smoother color transition and 14-bit files to store RAW files (Guncheon 20). The camera also has various special features, including the inclusion of a stereo microphone jack and full HD movie recording (1080p) combined with exceptional still shooting. HDMI connection allows for HD playback of images and footage on HDTV, while one also has full control over shutter speeds and apertures (Guncheon 20).With regards to the camera lens being used, the Canon EF-S 18-55 mm IS, has an EF-S lens mount, and it is a mid to

The role of tourism in development (economic environmental - social Essay

The role of tourism in development (economic environmental - social and culture) - Essay ExampleIt is further divided into different section headings and counselinging on either the factors that play their role in the development of tourism in the country.The main focus of this interrogation is on the study of the role of tourism in the development of the country, on the economic, social, environmental and culture aspects of the countries that are twain developed and under developed. Research is a term that is used in our everyday life nevertheless every research needs some strong substance data to support itself Research is considered to be systematic way of collecting data and then conducting its analysis and giving conclusion and recommendations based on the findings (Thornhill et al 2007). Why this writer mention two times?Basic research has its main focus towards the expansion of the knowledge processes of businesses while the utilise research has its focus towards spiri t a particular line well of the business or any management. This research is more inclined towards both the elements of basic research and applied as it involves in gaining insight of the issue and then understanding its implications and developments.The main questions that need to be answered while in the development of its strategy is whether the research is having an exploratory nature, a descriptive nature or an explanatory nature. The exploratory research is useful if the problem identified needs a clarified understanding of the (Thornhill et al 2007). The studies of the descriptive nature require the accurate profiles of the people or events for the causal relationship to be developed between the various variablesThis research attempts to investigate the role of the development of tourism in the developed and under developed countries and what impact it gives on the economical, environmental, social and cultural impacts on the country. Therefore, exploratory research is appli ed and also some elements of descriptive research also exist.There

My favorite place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My favorite(a) place - Essay Exampley start of a st completely so filled up with people that as I rubbed my elbows against peoples shirts and trousers I could smell the stale sweat at their backs combined with the stench that came from butchered zoologys all over the place, I almost slid on the floor wet with animal blood, water and mud scattered all over one side of the stall. I tried to range away from the sound of the a large chopping knife against a wooden block trying to course meat portions, then the soft crackle of plastic bags, then the clinking of the coins, and the screaming voices back and forrard of vendors and customerswith all the buzzing murmurs all over the place. I was at the wet market and lost my clutches from my mom. Sweat-filled, alone, frightened and in a place where I could not hear even my own whimper.As soon as I got out of the stall and walked a few blocks where there were less people, I started to ask help from a vegetable vendor. I could not understa nd her as she let out only sounds while she gestured her hands. But her kind face told me she understood my anguish through my swollen eyeball and dried tears along my cheeks. She kept on pointing at the building where all I could define was the tall side with the bells, just behind the market, and a few blocks away from it. Desperate to seek help, and swear her kind face, I walked further to the building.The building seems to have many people inside, but it was not filled. outback(a) the gates there were stalls set up, lit by candles with small cartons as signboards. From cheap empanadas, distinguishable from the empanadas that mom always makes at home, to popcorn to bottles filled with oil and leaves to rosaries and images of the Mama Marythe stalls had all these which they gave in exchange for a few coins either from passers-by or people who left the building. I stop to look at the sweets made from sugar that dad brought us everyday when he came home, instinctively felt up my pockets, and realized that they were empty. At first I didnt know

Fundamentals of Strategic Planning in Complex Organizations Essay - 1

Fundamentals of Strategic Planning in Complex Organizations - Essay Example unriv aloneed of the strategic cut backs observed in the health care environment is the persistent bid to make healthcare services more affordable, and subsequently enhance universal coverage. This trend is consistent with the social, economic, and political goal of up(a) the social welfare of the disadvantaged population. Another strategic trend relates to increased number of public and orphic health care operators. The motive is to implement strategic plans that make it possible for health care organizations to scoop up their services closer to the people. Over and above this, regulation of health care organizations, health care financiers, and all other relevant parties involved by the government constitute a critical strategic trend in health care markets (Harrison, 2010). This move is valid in the sense that the end-user or the consumer remains defend from exploitation as the health care environmen t grows and expands.While health care organizations have been ready to identify emerging opportunities in the health sector, most of them do not utilize their full potential. In other words, operational inefficiency has not been fully accounted for. Health care organizations need to focus on minuscule term and long term strategic plans as they evaluate their performance from time to time. This would help them ordinate their operations in such a way that allows for change, without necessarily increasing operational

Painting in the United Kingdom Essay Example for Free

motion picture in the coupled Kingdom EssayTo break down painting is to study how to make the world better-looking with a variety of colours in different shades and hues. Painting has a relaxing number that it tends to make all things drawn with a painters brush look alive with colours. It has been my fondest day-dream to be a painter someday, and my name be remembered, in some ways, with the likes of Raphael or Michelangelo, or sea captain Hugo in the contemporary time. This interest pushed me to study the art of painting and to discover the world of colours because I enrolled and took a course majoring in painting. But not long after, I imagined that to excel in the art of painting iodin has to study and practice his skill within the world of painting itself. I comprise this world in Europe, specifically the United Kingdom. At the heart of Europe and on other places within it hang at its walls different masterpieces and works of art by master painters. The majority o f these paintings kindle be found nowhere in the world but here. To study in the United Kingdom, one would feel as if the masters themselves are the ones teaching you due to the proximity of the country to the concentration of world-renowned paintings. unitary can surmise that painting schools here produce an edge over other schools in the United States because of the fact that the former are already established and are years ahead than the latter, hence have acquired the experience needed to provide world-class painting lessons. Although great contemporary paintings can be found in the United States, there is a brush of mystery bordering on beauty that can be attributed to the paintings found in Europe that invites me to go there. This one adds up to my reasons why I like to study painting in the United Kingdom.

Reason for Returning to School Essay Example for Free

Reason for Returning to School EssayThe reason of why I unyielding to go back to school and obtain my Bachelor Degree has never been anything step up of the ordinary. In todays society, I see many working adults pursuing their degrees to obtain security and self-fulfillment. While others atomic number 18 looking for the progression in pay and position in their topical or new job. There are level off those who need to gain more combine in their skills to do a good job for their corporation and they flavor that by getting a degree, they can achieve this goal. All of them pertain to me. Especially to todays current economy, I strongly feel that thither is a great advantage to having a degree versus to non having one when it comes to searching for a job.More and more severally year, I see new programs for educational activity that are designed for working adults. If there were no real demand for these programs, I believe they would not exist. besides that demand is real . There is a larger competitive environment in the work guide now then there was a few years ago. With many new and fresh graduates orgasm out of college, I feel the pressure to increase my credentials to be able to compete. Even though I construct built my experience through years of on the job education, I feel that by obtaining a graduate or even undergraduate degree is the only way to in force(p) my position against the growing population of new graduates. I believe that you must continue updating your skills to go on up with this very competitive market.Then, there are those current working adults who are al admity realized in their field, save would like to find a way to increase their potential of getting a raise or promotion. By obtaining a degree, this can show the managers how much value of an employee you are to the company. To experience the qualifications and experience can give you a better success rate of getting the raise or promotion that you would ask for. Its a way of selling yourself and your worth. With a degree, you just are more build up to the task of requesting for an furtherment. Once I have obtained my degree, I can then see myself seriously requesting for an advance of my pay and position from my manager.Most importantly is the ability to feel confident in doing your job and tohave that credential to show people. There were many projects that I have been involved in that required myself to consume new skills. One example was learning how to program in Visual Basic 6 to name an interface GUI for one of our robot systems. Another accomplishment that I achieved was generating a database for system files employ by our integration department. In almost each project, there were other managers involved besides my sustain manager. And each one had their doubts in my ability to succeed in the project. I have yet to fail, but each time a new project is started, these doubts from these managers come along with them. Even though I have five-years of experience in my field, I can see that it is harder to prove your ability in your skills with out a four-year degree. It is also much harder to have the confidence in yourself when there are others that lack that confidence in you. That is why I can see by obtaining a degree can pull in me in many ways besides security and advancement in pay and position.There are times that I try to imagine how different it would be one I have pull in my degree. And each time all I can imagine are anything but positive results. Sure, there are concerns and sacrifices that I would need to make down the road. Sacrifice like time. Time with my family and time for myself. But what is a couple of years of sacrifice compared to a lifetime of advancement? I once read an article about a successful businessman and how he achieved his goals by following one ism he recited to himself everyday. He believed the reward in terms of happiness is directly proportional to the sacrifice that ea ch one makes. Great philosophy. And I try to live it everyday.

In his articles, Zinsser takes a negative view of the college Essay Example for Free

In his articles, Zinsser takes a contradict inspect of the college EssayPressures that an man-to-man tone of voices affect his disposition towards life. The pressure may be taken as positive or contradict depending on the weight it brings a person. Most of the time pressures are viewed to bring about negative force play to the person but some just do not realize that it is the pressure felt by an individual which motivates him to finish a goal. For example, a learner is pressured to finish his engagement that is about to be imput open and if he is not fitted to finish it, he bequeath be able to receive a low mark. The student then strives hard to finish that assignment on time so that he forget not be given low mark by his professor. Sometimes, pressure may in any case cause a student to do the assignment for the sake of doing it because if he does not submit the assignment on time, he will be able to model a low mark. In short, pressures alike bring about negative outputs. In the essay by Zinsser, he had taken a negative view of the college pressures he identified. He identified pressures such as economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure.He had discussed that this college pressures had been a noise for the college students to enjoy their peer activities, to choose their own college courses to pursue and to do whatever things they understand interesting and more enjoyable to do. The pressures he had identified are considered as hindrance for the students to pursue their chosen dreams. He discussed that the pressures had been affecting the students but he didnt realize that these pressure in the pine consecrate a bun in the oven will be viewed as valuable for the student.The pressure which Zinsser considered as problems and hindrances for student s will be an important aspect in realizing their true dreams. Economic pressures of the society today should not be viewed negatively or as a hindrance that could consummate a college student who is trying hard to be able to finish his college studies. Otherwise, economic pressures such as the increasing trends of insurances, postage, oils, cost of boarding and tuition fees. rather of viewing the pressures negatively, the students should be able to consider it as a challenge that they should be able to get through in vagabond to survive in the world where they chose to live. Economic pressures serve as a challenge for the college students to try harder in pursuing their dreams to come true. Yes, it is very true that the economic pressure today greatly affects the situation of the students who are financially unstable but it should not be considered a hindrance for them to pursue whatever they aim to achieve in life.As the competition for scholarships and grants is becoming very tougher and tougher at once because of economic deficits felt by large companies, it is really hard to secure one in order to continue studying for college. H owever, securing a scholarship or grant for a student who really demand to get a scholarship will not be difficult if he lay down a strong drive or motivation. Nothing is impossible for a person who is really interested and who is really motivated to achieve a goal. Students who are not financially unstable dont interpret the economic pressure that is experienced by the students who are financially constrained.They are more affected with the pressures they feel from their parents. Parents of these students decide that their children must enroll to a law aim or a medical school. The solid ground behind these is that they wanted to win sure that their children get the best education in order for them to have a secured forthcoming. Secured future for them is enrolling in a law school or a medical school because these field of education promises large lump of money. Although some people have a negative view towards the pressures a child receive from his parents, these pressures s till could cause good effects to the children in the long run.If we make an analysis, in the short run, the pressures that parents give their children may not provide good impacts to them but in the long run, it will be able to do them good. Why? In the long run, the children will little by little accept the fate that their parents had given them and will eventually provide them good results. The student may not be really interested in the field that his parents like him to pursue but as he goes along the way, he will eventually mature and will realize that his parents want him to have the best education for him to be able to have a secured future.As he matures, he will then realize that he is more than fortunate that his parents could provide him the best education they could ever maintain unlike the unfortunate children that need to work in order to go to school. Because of the decision his parents made for him when he entered college, he then realizes that the pressures his pare nts had given him had offered him positive results and it did not turned out to have caused him negative results. ego induced pressure should excessively be viewed as a valuable and important thing in the building the future of a student.In school, he is pressured to do surpass the childbeds that his classmates exert to be able to get high marks. Studying hard as well as exerting so much effort in school is a good trait a student must possess. The students learn in a way that he also has exerted effort. In this case, after graduating, he will be determine to surpass all the pressures of his work. He will not have the feeling of difficulty because he had been equipt with the right knowledge he gained when he was studying.Peer pressures felt by a student is also a valuable thing that he could use when he will seek his first parentage in the future. Pressure from peer is compared to the pressure that he will feel when he is already sedulous and will tae orders from his boss. At f irst, pressures given by peers to a student is not beneficial because it distracts the concentration of the student in studying but eventually in the long run, he will be able to get used in the pressures he feels from his peers.In this way, pressures from work in the long run will not be considered as a hindrance from him to also excel in his work in the future. He had been trained with the pressures his friends had given him and in return, the pressures of his work in the future will not be a problem anymore because he will deal it with enthusiasm. Pressures that a student undergoes during a original part of his life particularly in his college life are very important and valuable. They should not be viewed negatively because it is a process wherein training is executed.The student is trained to become a real provide person to be battling in the future in his work as well as in his own life and family. If in his college life, he had been used to pressure, the pressures he will b e undergoing in the future will not be a burden for him to succeed instead, it will be regarded as a challenge that is to be solved with patience and perseverance.Works Cited Zinsser. William (1978). College Pressures. The Norton Reader. Norton-Simon Publishing.

Miss Essay Example for Free

Miss EssayEvaluate Uniteds response to Dave Carrolls music video. Did the airline handle the incident well? 3. In general, how should firms prepare for the challenges comprise by user-generated content and social media? The United breaks guitars video went viral and has had over 7,000,000 views to date. Dave Carroll came up with his protest songs, he said, thinking what Michael Moore would have done, that is, create an instrument able to assemble the angry ones.A wonderful stopcock for consumer advocacy is a viral video because as said, chances are youre not the only one who is upset. after Dave Carrolls videos, United Airlines was inundated with additional complaints, so it happened that a traumatic experience for one flyer becomes a public relations disaster for United Airlines. United lately responded to Youtube videos, suffering the consequences of a stock damage felt of 10%, costing stockholders about $180 million. When social media are involved the best response is the quickest response. United Airlines neglection in reacting caused an out of control media diffusion.United Airlines major error was not to cook up attention to the previous incidents of people using social media to voice their frustration. Companies should understand the power of social media for customer interactions and monitor social media sites as part of their social media customer outreach and marketing efforts. A positive reaction of United would have been to use the incident as a positive PR opportunity to parade off how they work positively with customers to solve problems. The lesson for any firms is.

Causes of current recession Essay Example for Free

Causes of current inlet EssayThe the Statess economy has been booming, all along before the recession, many questioned has been raised by the experts some even suggesting that, shrive marketplace as well as free ventures might take the effects wherever the faithfulness had unfavourable implications. The recession was first visualized when, the sub-leading mortgagees went ahead to evade on their payments since either they had no bountiful cash most likely for the reason that the interest range went up or else they were at a risk of begin given a loan to start business with otherwise they choose a appalling loan whose rate was not fixed (Rigby 3). Each economist suppose that recessions ar scotch issues that cannot be evaded, they can only be managed to control in that respect level of occurrences (Baveja et al 1). This is because, in that respect atomic number 18 periods of high growth in a healthy economy as well as decrease growth and some times no growth. The truth is that, some contracting and expanding has to occur for the economy to be healthy. However, for an economy to be considered in a recession the period for contracting is required to last for at least for two quarters consecutively in a year or a half(a) a year. It is difficult for many race to predict the possibility of occurrence of the next recession.The exact causes of stinting recession tend to be a mystery to many people but there be a number of mysteries that give information concerning the causes of stinting recession. Some people tend to think that recession is brought by events that atomic number 18 deemed to occupy a great economic impact in the economy. Some of these events would withdraw the enlarge in interest rates or a decline in the confidence of a consumer. Generally, recession is primarily seen to occur referable to the actions that be taken when controlling the supply of capital in the economy (Stephen et al 3).The above bank comes with different views f rom different people, for example, many economists in the United States have bankd that economic recession is caused by Federal Reserve. This is because it is the responsibility of the Federal Reserve to take charge in maintaining an ideal balance between money supply, interest rates and inflation in the United States. Rigby (3) advocates that calamity of the Federal Reserve to maintain balance in the above argonas it will turn up to the economy losing control.This is a case that has happened recently in the year 2007. During this year, the Federal Reserve Monetary policy that was used to set ashore in large amounts of money supply into the market, kept the interest rates below the expected rates but the rising of inflation continued to rise drastically. This problem came together with easy methods of borrowing money that could lead to the crisis of the economy until last year.Most of the economists have believed that America is already in recession and others that the acres is heading towards a recession. However, people believe that each recession has its own cause while others believe that recession has only based on one ground. For example, bad investments by business are a single cause of recession in the country. In addition, recessions and depressions much(prenominal) as that of the great Depression are said to be caused by stock market crashes. A sharp increase in vegetable oil prices or even going to war are factors that inhibit short marches growth in the economy (Harmesh et al 16).It is evident that globalization has changed the nature of business cycle. However, regardless of which theory one would believe in there is no definite answers to the causes of a recession. in that respect is little evidence that recession is brought up by a number of factors. This means that there are many events that take place that result to recession. An example for numerous factor theories is the recession that had taken place after the prices of oil increas ed dramatically in the 1970s (Stephen et al 3).This helps in setting tally a recession since the prices set off a big economy decline in oil demand. This was because real income had been reduced due to high costs of the imports of oil. In addition, there was more tight monetary policy that dampened the inflationary pressures which came after the increase of prices. These factors brought down the overall demand that in turn take to a recession.Currently, in America, banks are terrified of giving loans to customers. The reason for this is that, the banks are terrified that giving out loans will lead to loosing the money and defaulting if loans. There is the existence of credit labour that has caused money to be real tight and this is making many banks such as the Lehman brothers to go bankrupt. Another bank cognize as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were bailout for the purpose of keeping it from stand bottom. This has led to the current loss of money by the stock market because of the major credit crunch that is making investors nervous that a major recession is on the way. A recession is considered to be the goods and operate that are down from the previous two quarters or more (Baveja et al 1).The recession universe experienced in America has to the number of taxpayers buying out all the dead mortgages to approximate 700 billion. This is a sign that the banks will start once more lending money freely to people. However, currently loans are still given out although at a much higher rate. According to Rigby (6) in exhibition to make more money available and flow freely, central banks across the whole world are cutting the rates if giving loans.To add on this, the effect of crisis in many industries is great due to the consideration of banks as the major capitalist society. This leads to difficult to loan money since it becomes increasingly tight in the borrowing market. Hence less homes are bought as well as cars and even small businesses are affected in t he sense that they cannot do payroll. Small businesses spend a lot of time in taking temporary small loans until they are paid for the product or service.In early 2000, there existed a de economy that caught up greedy banks and the ways in which they were handling out credit and loans to people who cannot afford them hence leading to financial meltdown. The rise of inflation rates that creped very fast led to difficulties for people in paying back loans and credit hence creating a slow meltdown effect. America is considered to be the largest worlds economy and its economy has been seen to be weak and its drifting as a result of a collapse of the housing market. There is also the problem of sub aboriginal mortgage turmoil, a severe credit crunch, high oil prices and the deep devaluation of the dollar (Baveja et al 1). feasible solutions in eradicating economic recessionPeople can be disappointed in the fact that there is no cure for economic recession. However, some people argue tha t fiscal and monetary stimulus should spay the downturn but patience is indispensabilityed for it to happen. There is need for changing the legal framework organisation the various aspects of economy. It is important for people in the country to be well versed with corporation and banking as well as economics to enhance education among people affected by the results of recession. Learning on the above areas makes people more educated, smart and qualified to deal with economic recession (Stephen et al 3). belatedly during the Obama calendar week, there was the introduction of the rescue gains team. In this team there are seven people known as the fixers who are in charge of rescuing the economy. In order to rescue, the teams takes into consideration various issues. During the tenth week of Obama administration, the treasury secretary Tim Geithner unveiled the next phase of the bank bailout (Baveja et al 1).A plan for overhauling regulation of the financial system was outlined by the government. The administration effort is determined to produce economic conditions that are stable. This has helped in improving the sentiment on Wall Street where stocks posted gains for the week.In Capitol Hill, the committees involved in the house and the senate largely supported the Obama plan for 2010 with positive caution. It has been a long debate in the American country to take issues concerning the solution to economic recession. The administration is also concerned with the prevention of future meltdowns through with(predicate) increasing the supervision of the financial markets and prevention of companies from growing too big posing the possibility of failing. The need for investing highly in health care, education and energy was also one of the long term agendas mentioned by the president for the purpose of fighting economic recession in the countryThe issue of drawing off a budget proposal that cannot be separated from the broader themes of economic recovery and f uture growth was addressed. This budget is referred as laying foundation for a secure and lasting prosperity for economy.My opinion on the crush way of dealing with economic recessionThere is need for changing the legal framework governance the various aspects of economy. It is important for people in the country to be well versed with corporation and banking as well as economics to enhance education among people affected by the results of recession. Learning on the above areas makes people more educated, smart and qualified to deal with economic recession (Harmesh et al 16). wrench cited.Baveja Sign Sarabijr, Ellis Steve, Rigby K. Darrell, Taking advantage in a down turn, 2002, 1.Havard management update, leadership managing, 2001, 8-12.Hamermesh G. Richard, Dann B. Jeremy, STT Aerospace, 1998, 10-20.Stephen C. Michael, Pearce A. John, strategies to prevent economic recessions from causing business failure, 2006, 1-9.Rigby K. Darrell, Moving upward in a down turn, strategy and execution, 2001, 1-8.

Hat factors affect your choice of career Essay Example for Free

Hat comp binglenessnt parts affect your preference of existence life EssayC beer selection is a complex phenomenon that throne be better appreciated through a select of its key components, i. e. life history and choice (Websters Dictionary, 1998). Dating back to the seminal civilises of Hughes (1937) and Goffman (1968), passage has been the focus of many studies. However, the contemporary formulations of the innovation by critical realists em ashes a layered conception that embraces subjective experiences and objective structures of work in interplay (Layder, 1993).The definition (choice) incorporates two components First is the availability of alternatives, which presents an objective reality, and the second one, the act of preference, which involves a subjective process. If a reference to line of achievement choice is made, availability of career choices and the dynamics of choosing a career should be examined. Hence, in order for career choice to take place, in t hat location should be alternative career routes available and there should be an individual preference between these career resources (Marshall, 1989).Career choice is a subject which has attracted academic, master key as well as public attention, due to its multifaceted nature. Since career is a result of the interplay between individuals within organizational and social structures, it yields well to analysis from diverse perspectives ranging from occupational psychology to organizational sociology. interrogation on career choice is non uncommon on occupational groups such as accountants and health care employmentals (see Morrison 2004, Hallissey et al.2000, Kyriacou and Colthart 2000). The aim of such look for is often to predict career choice behaviors ground on individualisedity as well as demographic distri notwithstandingive actors. The present get wind aims to investigate students lore towards a career as Chartered Accountants. The topic is of quest since it is estimated that by 2020. Malaysia needs 65. 000 Chartered Accountants to take on industry needs (Abdullah, 2001). However, to date (as at 2010) only a number of 65. 000 accountants are mainly available. disposed such statistics, it is al intimately impossible for the professor to meet the demands in the years time. As such, this watch willing shed some light or what is the recognition of students toward these professors. The results could enable us to understand much the bare of career choice by bill students. In Malaysia, account alumnas from the public universities who are interested to picture as public accountants are required to compel members of the Malaysian get of Accountants (MIA). At present, MIA only recognise story system graduates whograduated from the public universities or from craftal bill studies such as Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA), Malaysian Association of Certified Public Accountants (MAcertified public accountant) and Asso ciation of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA). That is, MIA only accepts candidates for social stance who hold the relevant academic qualification listed under the Accountants Act 1967. It is therefore, arguable that the public university students would register to become public accountants as their qualifications are recognized by MIA.Several studies in the fosterage literature earn identified that students share a common belief that the account statement environment offer a juicyer(prenominal) supply of tunes compared to opposite areas of business (Paolillo and Estes, 1982 Wheeler, 1983 Cangelosi et al. , 1985 Kochanek and Norgaard, 1985). Of consequence, such belief plays an eventful role in choosing their career decisions. Further, these studies constitute their respondents preferring to become public accountants compared to new(prenominal) account statement profession (Carpenter and Strawser, 1970).In Malaysia, several studies tolerate shown that explanation profession is still popular amongst the students (Goon, 1975, Samidi and Tew 1995 Hashim et al, 2003 and tell et al. , 2004). For shell Goon (1975) sort out up that the athletic fieldity of her respondents had chosen accounting as a profession. Samidi and Tew (1995) reported that the profession is still the most popular choice 20 years later. Said et al. (2004) found that the accounting profession ranked amongst the two most preferred careers given by the public and private university students.The previous research internationally has examined senior high schooltime school and learning of tertiary students of an accounting profession and their intentions to pursue accounting career as the choice to the main thing in accounting can be made at any educational level. However, in results are many inconsistencies. The most of these introductory studies are quantitative refreshs whose results are statistically analyzed using a variety of methods including univariate, multivaria te and agentive role analysis.A small number of these papers as well as utilize a a precedenti framework based on the Theory of Planned Behaviours (Cohen Hanno, 1993 Felton, Dimnick Northey, 1995 Allen, 2004 tan Laswad, 2006). As such, there has been no attempt to determine the reasons skunk the perceptions and intentions or to provide any insight into why there are differences. more(prenominal) than or less accounting education researchers aim a need for further research that considers these areas, conceivably by using qualitative research approaches (Hardin, OBryan Quinn, 2000 Byrne Flood, 2005 Sugahara, Kurihara Boland, 2006).So this ongoing study sheds insights into the divisors that affect a students vocational pathway. It foc accustoms on two undergraduate and graduate students in UUM. The rest of this paper is as follows. It first discusses the forward literature in the area and so outlines the research method. It is accompanied by results, the analysis a nd related discussion. Work at last represents the conclusions of the study, its limitations and opportunities of the future research. publications REVIEW INTRODUCTION. at that place discombobulate been many previous studies that obtain examined the choice of accounting as a career by students, including the meanss and people (referents) that set their choice, their level of interest in accounting, and their perceptions on careers as undertake accountants. PERCEPTIONS OF THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION. Some studies have found that people perceptions depend on many operators that influence their career decisions (Holland, 1966 1973).Students perception effect them toward the accounting profession Marriot and Marriott (2003) term, the experience of students at the university and profession impact for pre decision. Therefore the monitor lizard of public perception and students perception is very(prenominal) Copernican for accounting professions, the relation between students pers pective and perception of accounting (Nelson et al. , 2002, p. 282). Albrecht and Sack (2000) found that the important reason for declining the number of accounting graduate beca spend they dont have more info about the meaning of accounting and accountants job. (Albrecht Sack, 2000, p.28). Previous studies in USA identified that are many factors for those accounting students had no plan to accounting major and no idea to choose accounting as a career considered the accounting work environment (Cohen Hanno, 1993 Hermanson Hermanson, 1995 Saemann Crooker, 1999 Fransisco, Noland, Kelly, 2003 Allen, 2004). However, other research bespeaks the banish perception of accounting in Australian accounting university (first-year accounting students) (Jackling Calero, 2006), but the research in Canada suggests that the students have a high accounting perception (Felton et al., 1994). Another research in refreshing Zealand, found that the profession as deadening for the final year o f accounting students at tailfin universities (Ahmed et al. 1997, p. 333). In addition, the study by (Laswad Tan, 2005, p. 61) suggests that business students have the impression that accountants are dull, boring, number crunchers. LEVEL OF INTEREST IN ACCOUNTING. Many studies suggests that those the accounting students (high school) have a more positive attitude towards accounting or becoming a CA, and those students more likely to study at university (Felton et al., 1995 Hermanson Hermanson, 1995 Bryne Willis, 1995 Sugahara Boland, 2005 Hartwell et al, 2005 Tan Laswad, 2006). the students at high level they effect on those that choose a CA career Felton et al. (1994). Other research found that the students at the high school have experience and interest or matahematics those who choose accounting major (Paolillo Estes, 1982 Cohen Hanno, 1993 Allen, 2004 Bryne Flood, 2005 Hartwell et al. , 2005).In contrast, based in the study by Tan and Laswad (2006) suggests that skills and a background in mathematics are not an important of performance in accounting courses. Another study suggested that the accounting students (first or introductory ) has been argued the first year or introductory is unspoilt do can effect for interest levels or accounting perception and they can impact on tertiary students career (Cohen Hanno, 1993 Felton et al. , 1995 Chen, Jones, McIntyre, 2005 Jackling Calero, 2006). Nonetheless, Saemann Crooker (1999). INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC CAREER RELATED FACTORS.A number of studies have indicated that the important factor for accounting students to discipline choice is job satisfaction (Paolillo and Estes, 1982 Gul et al 1989 Ahmed et al. , 1997 Auyeung and Sands 1997). However Paolillo and Estes, 1982 and Ahmed et al. , 1997 overly suggests that the lower importance of intrinsic for accountancy. This is in contrast to the findings of Linden (1987), Adams et al. , (1994), Felton et al. , (1994) and Jackling and Calero (2006), who de monstrate that intrinsic factors are very important in career decisions made by accounting students.Some studies found that the interest and enjoyable in the subject is very important to choose accounting major Adams et al. , (1994) and Mauldin et al. , (2000), Saemann and Crooker (1999) this finding was further run on by results of Jackling and Calero (2006) suggests the enjoyment of the accounting topics can affect for students career in accounting. Other studies have found that many students believe the accounting curriculum impacts on students perceptions of the work of the accountant and their desire to pursue a career in accounting (Zeff 1989).Prior research has found misconceptions of what the level of interesting in accounting subject and accountants job are not the only factors that students dont choose accounting as a major Albrecht and Sack (2000) suggest that the high degree and career options are the reasons for declining of the number of accounting graduate. Therefor e, intrinsic and outside career related factors might excessively affect the choice of accounting as a career. There are many factors related to Extrinsic factors such as the job market, fiscal and career considerations, the cost of becoming a CA have also been examined in prior research.Job variety, availability, security and opportunities have all been proposed as possible factors that effect for accounting choice (Hartwell et al, 2005). Financial factors such as initial salaries and career consideration (potential long-term earning, prestige, career prospects) are the reasons for declining the number of accounting graduate Albrecht and Sack (2000), for example in the US school students 40 % foc employ opportunities for career promotion and 10 % valued financial retorts (Hartwell et al, 2005).The results for Japan study, suggests that the tertiary students were also attracted by career prospects and social status and prestige (Sugahara Boland, 2005). However, social status or prestige is not so important to Australian tertiary students (Jackling Calero, 2006). But some researchers suggest that the financial rewards dont impact for accounting choice and not as important as intrinsic factor (Paolillo Estes, 1982). However Sugahara Boland, 2005, they suggests initial earning were very important for tertiary students to choose their career.The result of New Zealand study argued that both(prenominal) initial and long term earning are important (Ahmed et al, 1997) MAJOR HUMAN INFLUENCERS OR REFERENTS. Prior studies suggests that the sympathetic or referents very important factor that impact for students for their career or to became CA ,some examination of the literature surrounding potential influencers or referents indicates there are five possible groups parents/caregivers, friends, accounting/business master key members, university instructors and high school teachers/career advisors. Ahmend et al (1997) .(Cohen Hanno, 1993 Allen 2004). They use th e Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as its theoretical framework have identified that tertiary students make a choice of major, in part, based on what their relevant referents think they should do This was also the case in the Tan and Laswad (2006) study. Regarding the importance of parents. Sugahara Boland, 2005 found that the most importance or probatory is parents to influence of students choice . However, other US studies have found them to be less important (Paolillo Estes, 1982 Hermanson Hermanson 1995 Maudlin et al., 2000). When combined with friends, family was found to be significant (48%) by Hartwell et al (2005). However, friends on their own were seen to be less important in the studies by Paolillo and Estes (1982) and Hermanson and Hermansson (1995). Japanese study found that the members of accounting or business professions were the most influential referent for accounting students career(Sugahara Boland, 2005) and the second most influential one for US accounting majors (Cohen Hanno, 1993 Hermanson Hermanson, 1995 Allen, 2004).US research has further demonstrated that accounting professionals can have an impact on the perception of accountants and the accounting profession when they make planned presentations to introductory accounting courses (Fedoryshyn Tyson, 2003). The high school teacher and high school career advisor found by previous studies. Hermanson (1995) and Hartwell et al. (2005) . Some research such as Hermanson and argue that in the US, high school teachers / career advisors only influence 5 to 12% of their students career choice.They were also found to have a weak influence on Japanese students (Sugahara Boland, 2005). However, the studies in US and Ireland has identified that the influence of teachers for students to their accounting perception (Paolillo Estes, 1982 Mauldin et al 2000 Byrne Flood, 2005 Byrne and Willis, 2005). Even though the results are inconsistent, any misconception of accountants and the accounting profession by these high school teachers and career advisors has the potential to adjustment a students major or career choice.Wells and Fieger (2005) in a New Zealand based survey of high school teachers found that there was a mismatch between high school teachers perceptions of accounting and accountings actual role and that the teachers had a low opinion of accounting as a career option for students. These results are similar to two other studies that utilize the same survey shaft, those of Hardin et al. (2000) and Sugahara et al. (2006). These two research studies suggest that high school teachers consider accounting monotonous and boring (Sugahara et al., 2006, p. 416) and that the accounting profession has a full perception problem among high school educators (Hardin et al. , 2000, p. 216) when compared to other professions such as medicine, law and engineering. Furthermore, the Wells and Fieger (2005) results support those of Fransisco et al. (2003) who conclude that, in addition to the boring image of accounting, some high school teachers in the US are not encouraging their brightest students to consider accounting as a career.High school career advisors perceptions of the accounting profession have also been investigated. Pollock, Papiernik and Slaubaugh (2002), in a US-based study suggest that career advisors plan that the accounting profession was uninteresting, stressful, time consuming and not that financially rewarding with accounting overall organism viewed as boring. They were also not familiar with the CPA requirements. However, high school career advisors have not been examined in a New Zealand context.Many researchers suggests that the students not only influenced by own perception but there are many reasons such as teachers, parents, and friends that effect their choice in high school or university Harrison (1998), however prior studies found that the impact of teachers on a students very important in university to choose accounting as major (e. g. Paolillo and Estes 1982 Hermanson and Hermanson 1995 Geiger and Ogilby 2000 Mauldin et al. , 2000) Some studies also found that parents had strong influence on accounting decisions Inman et al. , (1989) Mauldin et al., (2000) and Tan and Laswad (2006). The result about Asian students suggests that the important of human to effect of their opinions towards accounting major Auyeung and Sands (1997). Tan and Laswad (2006) also found that international students in particular regarded the views of parents and career counselors as important in their selection of intended major. METHODS AND DESIGN TARGET POPULATION. The target population of this study is the Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), students studying of graduate student and undergraduate Accounting course in 2010.SAMPLE. The sampling procedures relied on convenience and self-selection. All members of the sample were enrolled at university Utara Malaysia in one of the Malaysia universities. they were either in an Acco unting-major class. For this study, there were two Groups, postgraduate and undergraduate students in UUM. INSTRUMENT. The instrument came in the form of a modified from Satoshi Sugahara and Gregory Boland (2005) study, the Accounting Profession as a Career woof for tertiary Business students in Japan .112 the questionnaire included 17 questions. Seven questions were related to Demographic information, five Questions related to Career choice, and five questions were related to perception toward the accounting profession. The Perception questions dealt with topics that affected specific perception toward the accounting profession such as background for accounting, occupational attributes regarding an accountant, hardies to become a CPA.The career choice questions dealt with future career plans and goals as well as major selection and development, influenced by people, and factors for career options and development. data COLLECTION. The data set used in this study was collected via questionnaires accomplished by 150 students projection the accounting major as part of their undergraduate and postgraduate studies at a Universiti Utara Malaysia. This unit of study represents the first unit of accounting studied in the undergraduate and postgraduate degree that is only completed by students pursuing an accounting major.The questionnaire collected background information relating to entry pathway, country of permanent ingleside and factors important in decision to major in accounting The present study replicated several aspects of prior study of Satoshi Sugahara and Gregory Boland (2005) ,the Accounting Profession as a Career Choice for tertiary Business students in Japan , a factor analysis using the Accounting Attitude Scale (AAS) developed by Nelson (1991). The 150 questionnaires were distributed and collected directly from the classrooms at each Class.After eliminating unusable questionnaires, an effective 112 replys (74. 66% response rate) were used. Most of the unusable responses were due to the incompletion of the Questionnaires STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. Factor analysis was selected as the prime method for our study. This method is usually conducted by using a combination of factor extraction and factor rotation. It is possible that by using the factor extraction method we can identify any underlying latent patterns of relationships among students vocational attributes.This has the effect of condensing the gathered information into smaller and more meaningful components or factors. The factors were identified by determining the optimal combination of attributes, which enabled more of the variance in the data to be explained compared to any other variable combinations. Among several factor extraction methods available, the principal component analysis was selected for this study simply because it is one of the more commonly used today. The optimal numbers of factors were determined by applying the most commonly used eigenvalues- greater -than- one rule (Kim Mueller, 1978).From the samples used in our study, two factor analyses were conducted for both the postgraduate and undergraduate accounting students groups. As for the factor rotation procedure, the Promax rotation technique was applied to assist us in the adaptation of potential influential factors. This method has also been widely used in previous studies, for example Ahmadi et al. (1995). hobby the analysis of these vocational attributes a descriptor was assigned to properly reflect the meaning of the factor and separate attribute.In addressing students perceptions of the work of accountants the study uses descriptive statistics to examine the attitude of undergraduate and postgraduate students towards the accounting profession. The study explored students attitudes towards the work of accountants following the methodology by Satoshi Sugahara and Gregory Boland (2005). RESULTS INTRODUCTION. In this study, questionnaires were distributed to students study ing the accounting course in the UUM. Of the 112 operative responses 74 were female and 38 were male.The distributions of students by race were 88 Malaysian students (46 Malay, 38 Chinese, and 2 Indian), 12 Arab, and 12 other international students. GENERAL PERCEPTIONS. The results of the present study show that the majority (32. 14%) of the respondents chose their careers during Pre-High school. This may imply that the recruitment campaigns at schools are fairly effective, but that career guidance teachers should provide more information to enlighten students regarding the pros and cons of the profession. This is in line with the findings of Hermanson et al.(1995) and Paolillo and Estes (1982). However, Sale (2001) and Graves, Nelson and Deines (1993) found that the majority of students made their career choice only once they had registered at a tertiary institution. CAREER CHOICE MOTIVATION DATA. PERCEIVED CONSTRAINTS OF THE PROFESSION. early CAREER PLANS. There are four facto rs were identified for accounting students. These results explained 73. 953% of total variance. The Promax method was selected for rotation, and all attributes with factor loadings of more than 0.5 were retained for the aim of this analysis. The first largest factor for accounting students was interpreted as inwrought and extrinsic career related factors (23. 154%) confirmed by the two attributes such as chance to make a contribution and nature of job. The intrinsic value was specifically defined in prior studies (Felton et al. ,1994 Ahmed et al. , 1997) as the factor relating to ones satisfaction derived from jobs, which Provide the chance to be creative, autonomous, intellectual challenging and working in a Dynamic environment.Prior New Zealand research (Malthus Fowler, 2003) has indicated that although extrinsic factors such as financial rewards, prestige and other market related factors are perceived as important when choosing an accounting career, they are inconclusive as to whether intrinsic factors such as job satisfaction are also important. The financial rewards factor. Financial reward has been regarded as an important factor that affects a students career choice decision in many prior studies (Paolillo Estes, 1982 Kochanek Norgaard, 1985 Inman et al. , 1989 Adams et al., 1994 Felton et al. , 1994 Ahmed et al. , 1997) In the present study, this factor, comprising good initial salary and good long-term earning. Nevertheless, we believe that the attributes of financial rewards were structured with other attributes to form different factors. As seen above, the attribute good long-term earning was combined with the largest Career Prospects factor. Similarly, the attributes for financial rewards, for example good initial salary, come with job availability. Another factor for accounting students was interpreted as Job Market Conditions.This factor also has been observed in previous studies (Felton et al. , 1994 Ahmed et al. , 1997). The two attribute s of element of job variety adventure and flexibility in career options were basically incorporated into this factor. The factor of working environment. Although accounting students consider this as one of the influential factors. In accordance with this factor, Buckley McKenna (1973) similarly regarded some attributes, for examples the length of work hours and other natural working conditions, as crucial aspects of employers job motivation, which would affect ones career choice.However for this current study factors contained the three following attributes sufficient time for social life, length of work hours and good physical working conditions. Research has suggested that at high school, the study of accounting, an aptitude for mathematics and/or an interest in the subject impacts on the choice of accounting as a career with this choice potentially beingness influenced by the students teachers and career advisors. The high school and tertiary students who were studying accoun ting generally had a more positive attitude towards accounting and accountants.The perception as to what skills and characteristics are required for an accounting career potentially affects the type of student the career advisors may encourage to study accounting at high school. Nonetheless, the results also indicate that other factors played a role in the career decisions the students made. The final factor for accounting students was interpreted as The Major human influencers or referents factor ranked relatively lower for both student groups in deciding their vocational choice. The empirical study by Inman et al.(1989), Silverstone Williams (1979) and Mauldin et al. (2000) reported that parental influence was relatively stronger. Similarly, Cohen Hanno (1993), Allen (2004) and Tan Laswad (2006) discovered that close friends and business friends have exercised significant influence on students major choice when studying accounting. Previous New Zealand Laswad Tan, 2005, Chart ing a course into accountancy, Chartered Accountancy Journal of New Zealand, 59-61 research suggests that the most important referent for New Zealand students is their parents (caregivers).However, international research suggests other groups may also be important. It was apparent from all the student focus groups that the main referents were the students parents and family members, teachers, and people. Other referents mentioned were friends, and university. CORRELATIONS. Correlation is a vicariate measure of association (strength) of the relationship between two variables. It varies from 0 (random relationship) to 1 (perfect linear relationship) or -1 (perfect negative linear relationship).It is usually reported in terms of its square, interpreted as percent of variance explained. The use of partial correlation is usually restricted to simple models of 3 or 4 variables, 5 at the most (Cohon, 1983). Correlation will also be attenuated to the extent there is measurement error, inclu ding use of sub-interval data or artificial truncation of the range of the data. Correlation can also be a misleading average if the relationship varies depending on the value of the independent variables. This section reports the correlation analysis results of utmost figures ofinter-factor correlation were 0. 294 between factor 4 and factor 2 for accounting students, and shown the relationship between factor 3 and factor 1 were 0. 261, also the correlation between factor 3 and factor 2 were (0. 236). STRATEGIES TO ENCOURAGE ACCOUNTING STUDENTS. As noted above the results of our factor analysis for accounting students revealed that the major influential factor was Intrinsic Value. It would appear credible that such occurrences may quickly drive a students career choice away from accounting.To address this worrying issue, it is necessary to disseminate appropriate promotional activities that can misrepresent such negative images and convince students of the attractive force attac hed to a CPA profession. Our study also reports that the factor Career Prospects is ranked relatively higher for accounting students. From the authors experience. The empirical evidence supports this. However, our study suggests that this kind of information can be very harmful to our brightest accounting students. The findings also suggested that accounting students seem to be quite sensitive to employability when it comes to Job Market Considerations.While this factor was ranked for accounting students, the sub section for accounting students contained two specific attributes namely job availability and security of employment. Working environment and financial rewards are in common in terms of physical benefits. Several prior studies examined and found that these factors have significant influences on a students career choice in relation to accounting (Paolillo Estes, 1982 Kochanek Norgaard, 1985 Inman et al. , 1989 Adams et al. , 1994 Felton et al. , 1994 Ahmed et al. , 1997). In contrast, the finding of our study in Malaysia indicated that these were ranked as only minor factors. The results again confirm that both the professional body and the accounting firms should give more attention to the intrinsic values instead than the physical factors when marketing the attractiveness of a CPA career especially for the accounting students. As for the remaining influential vocational factor for accounting students, Persons yields, was rated the lowest. Prior studies discussed the effectiveness of this factor but have failed to agree on this issue.Some studies insisted that Persons Influence is very important to a students career choice (Paolillo Estes, 1982 Cohen Hanno, 1993) while other studies have not support this impact (Gul et al. , 1989 Ahmed et al. , 1997). The analysis of this current study in Malaysia supports the latter cases, which indicate that promotional activities involving other persons could be relatively ineffective in encouraging accountin g students. Job market considerations were also ranked relatively higher accounting students.This also suggests we need to emphasize the importance of the economical and physical conditions of an accounting career, rather than the mental factors such as occupational intrinsic values that were more important to accounting students. Therefore, in establishing a career pathway accounting students may be slightly driven by these attributes in the short-term. This aspect should also be considered by the professional body and accounting firms when developing remuneration schemes. CONCLUSION. The purpose of this study was to observe factors profiles in career choice for accounting students.The results of our empirical study indicated that there were four factors, our study also suggests strategies for the accounting professional body and the accounting firms to develop and maintain the attractiveness of the CPA in accordance with the results of the statistical analyses. As discussed, the s trategies to promote the accounting profession. There are several limitations in this study. The strategies used to promote the accounting profession to accounting students and vice versa. Any contradiction between the resulting strategical will diminish if we can identify students future career perspective at an early stage of their career.Secondly, the study only asked students opinion regarding the attributes influencing their career decision. We ignored the effects on career choice of personal values, which is regarded as one of the cognitive styles, may influence a students career choice (Kolb, 1981). Thirdly, this study pore on the domestic population. Since some of the findings in this study were unique to specific traits identified in Malaysia, it is difficult to conclude discussion without comparative counterparts. International comparative studies within several countries regarding this topic will be required in order to finalize the issues. These limita

Comparative Study Of Corruption Study Essay Example for Free

Comparative Study Of Corruption Study Es hypothesiseABSTRACT Having Nordic countries systematically on slip by of the CPIs least purchase countries for years, there must be something in this nuance and usance that make them highly regarded as having a clean and in effect(p) disposal. Based on the 2006 Corruption cognition Index, Finland and Iceland atomic number 18 the transcend two least corrupt countries while Haiti and Burma hailed as the two close to(prenominal) corrupt countries in the world.This paper aims to find the reasons why these countries were in their current position in the CPI by comparing their government system, subtlety and tradition. This paper also aims to find solid evidences that will prove that the culture of corruptness is not a matter of effective and efficient policies but on the culture of uncompromising implementation of such policies, the moral and ethical standards of the plenty and the collective concern of the people to their cou ntry. A apprise background of the 2006 CPI report is included in the first part of this paper. A separate section, discussing impregnable the different elements which may contribute to each countrys culture of corruption is the main pore of this paper. Data from competent writers and qualified analysts were comp atomic number 18d in order to make readers further netherstand the economic, political and societal status of each country. A brief conclusion is also included, summarizing the main points of comparison between countries. emphasize ON CPIs 2006 RESULTS In the 2006 Corruption Perception Index, Finland emerged on top as the least corrupt country in the world, scoring 9.6 out of the 10 clean score. Scoring equally atomic number 18 Iceland and vernal Zealand. In the CPI 2006 published by the Transpargonncy International, Haiti turned out to be the most corrupt of the 163 countries involved in the study scoring only 1.8 while slightly on top is Myanmar with 1.9 score. If we ar to look into the previous CPI results, we can see that the top Finland and other Nordic countries, Iceland and New Zealand dupe been consistently on the five least corrupt countries. The question here is who or what makes a country the least or the most corrupt country in the world?The CPI is a composite index which customs survey results from business people and country analysts as with their assessment and perception of corruption among state-supported officials and political figures (J.G. Lambsdorff). This means that the CPI is considered as a competent and reliable material considering that it makes use of qualified people in assessing the existence of corruption. It utilizes different sets of polls relative to perception of corruption, had them compiled and analyzed forrader it came up with the figures published in the CPI. In 2006, Transp bency International made use of 112 sets of polls and survey from independent bodies listed below Freedom House Nations in Transi t Economist Intelligence Unit fall in Nations Commission for Africa World Economic Forum World Markets Research C recruit (London) Merchant International conclave Limited (London) Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (Hong Kong) International Institute for Management and Development (Laussane) Country insurance and Institutional Assessment (IDA and IBRD of World Bank) It is also important to note that bribery among creation officials and servants is one of the study factors considered by analysts as the major indicator of corruption. Political culture and political institutions determine the level of corruption (P. Tiihonen). It is therefore but fair enough to conclude that corruption begins when bribery is tolerated by anyone in the government or any public office.To have a deeper understanding of corruption, we will try to compare two of the most corrupt countries in the world with that of the two least corrupt countries using different areas and aspects. By doing so, we wi ll be able to assess what factors make Finland and Icelands government clean and the factors that brought Haiti and Myanmar on top of the list of the most corrupt countries.ELEMENTS THAT MAKE A COUNTRY CLEAN OR CORRUPTpolitical science and Political System Finland has the culture of earnest governance. Based on the political structure of Finland, we can say that it has one of the best, if not the best system of government. First, Finland is a country that does not recognize social class. This is what they referred to as Egalitarian Society where everyone, regardless of social status is given equal opportunity to avail of the operate of the government and to be of service to the people (Tiihonen).Education is compulsory, women are given the full even ups for suffrage and political participation as candidates, pension is provided for all citizens who reached 65 years old, wellnesscare services are bare(a) for everyone and education is free from basic to higher education. If all pe ople are able to experience this assortment of welfare in their country, it would be far from their means of finding comfort to bribe and accept bribe.Nordic countries like Finland and Iceland live up to their political culture of transparency and corruption free rules of order2. Considering the legal material of Finland, one can immediately conclude that their government is serious with combating corruption as bribery, which includes both freehanded and accepting bribe, is a criminal offense (Criminal Code R1 101/19.12.89). For them money, jewelry, household, special or low matter to loans, trips, honorary titles and recommendations are forms of bribes (J. Brady). Nordic countries also have the collective decision structure, wherein decisions are in the reach of a collegiate body making hard for bribery to be tolerated.In complete contrast, Haiti is a country of faltering democratic institutions and unstable political situation making it the poorest country in the Americas5. novel reports involved government officials in the issue of drug trafficking, particularly the Presidential Security Unit and the rook Guard4. Reported incidents of violence against anti-government demonstrators, said to be demanding to better public services like water and highways, are clear indicators of the countrys political instability.Growing counts of human rights violations and the Aristedes governments slight for the peoples license of expression are regarded by analysts as political humanitarian calamity (J. Regan). Another indicator of the countrys unclean government is the incident of credit union pyramid scheme involving banks which money allegedly came from drug money. It turned out later that the scheme is a gip where the government promised to pay depositors who lost $200 million dollars and so far has not yet been fulfilled6.As with Myanmar, political instability is not too obvious as that of Haiti. A political observer, in his denomination entitled Magnific ent, Troubled Myanmar the writer described the country as beautiful, tragic, natural, and chaotic place7. In his article, he made mention of the peoples fear of the government by exigently avoiding discussion or making comments about their government even by merely consorting foreigners. In this situation, we can say that freedom and civilized liberty is not honored by the government of Myanmar.As with corruption, the author stressed the naughtily low income of the people of the country, with as low as half a dollar per day for most citizens. Considering their 883% literacy rate, this is a tragic economic situation. Based on this situation alone, corruption, especially bribery is highly expected. In fact, Myanmars public servants have negative real earnings (M. Maung). According to Maung, the iniquities in Burma today are driving its people into corruption. Such iniquities include 9the growing power and wealth of the military rulers at the write down of impoverished masses, the sub-human conditions and plight of hundreds of thousands of displaced refugees stranded along Burmas borders.Ethical and Moral Standards In Nordic countries like Finland and Iceland, to be a public servant means to of real service to the public. Civil servants in these countries take haughtiness of being a member of a generally honest government. For Finnish society, having a good take a leak means a lot so they really do their best to avoid being accuse of any malpractice especially that of related to dishonesty (P. Tiihonen).The Finnish society also maintained their administrative culture of creating efficient civil servants by reserving senior civil service post to lawyers or at least those who earned degrees in law10. The government of Finland also gives its civil servants the responsibility for every decision and action they make. They are left independent in their tasks and do their individual duties with the least supervisory intervention. This is the reason why Finnish gov ernment employs highly- educated individuals in the civil service posts11.Highly in contrast is the situation in the Burmese civil society. In a country as poor as Burma, to accept bribe is a matter of practicality. Bribery is normal in their everyday life where even the service of a electrician needs bribe. Accepting bribe for them is of being resourceful7. Like the people of Burma, Haiti citizens are evidently of low esprit de corps since most of them do not take courage to express their dislike and frustrations to their government. The continuing reports of chaos and demonstrations of fewer brave citizens are indications that these people resort to violence just to seek for the governments attention. spirit of Life Finland is a moral and welfare society where almost everyone enjoys a comfortable life. With free education, pension, health care benefits and honest and dedicated civil servants, I would say that Finnish people might have been the luckiest people in the world. They enjoy their civil rights and political freedoms especially in participating in public issues. For them, everything that concerns the public must be open to all citizens.This means that they are all given the right to question any government policy or decision. Even diaries and records concerning public transactions are literally open to everybody2. Finland also takes pride of their culture of being environment friendly. For them, taking care of their natural resources are powerful means of maintaining their economic edge. As evidence Finland still tops the Environmental Sustainability Index along with Norway, Canada and Sweden11.Considering violence in Haiti and the severe poverty in Burma, it is evident that their citizens are far from enjoying a good quality of life. Political instability, rampant and open bribery, environmental degradation and disrespect of individual freedom are the frustrating realities of life of the people of Haiti and Burma. With widespread unemployment and a negative real wage for most people, Burma is a picture of a real poor country whose government does not seem to care for its people. destruction By comparing the two least corrupt and two most corrupt countries in the world, ground on the 2006 Corruption Perception Index, we were able to have an idea of how these countries differ on several areas. In our analysis of such areas we were able to draw some information that relates to their system of government and their philosophies which somehow bushel their stand in the issue of corruption. To summarize the major points of comparison, Nordic countries like Finland and Iceland have the following philosophies for a corruption-free societyNordic countries strictly do not tolerate dishonesty especially corruption, a rationale they call ethicality.Finland and other Nordic countries strictly implement transparency on public records and transactions by literally opening all pubic documents to every citizen. The government also opens its door to criticisms and regard public administration as privilege being a member of an honest and highly regarded circle of civil servants.The Finnish governments collective decision structure makes it hard for bribery and corruption to enter into the system.Nordic countries maintain a low hierarchical structure where civil servants are highly educated and were left independent and individually responsible for their decisions and actions. This structure also encourages civil servants to maintain a good status in the society by having a clean name.Nordic countries legacy of egalitarian society ensures that every citizen enjoys the benefits of being a citizen of a moral and welfare society.In contrast, this paper have presented the proofs of Haiti and Burmas political instability, severe poverty, absence of political and civil rights and the governments lack of concern for its people as causes and at the same time indicators of their corrupt government. By comparing the political and economic situations of the quadruplet countries, we were able to find out that corruption is not a matter of policy and laws but the strict implementation of it. Also, that poverty is not an indicator of corruption but a reflection of it. Making Finland as a perfect example, the world must make considerable efforts in implementing its laws and begin to nurture an honest society starting at the public administration.REFERENCES1Transparency International.Corruptions Perception Index 2006. Retrieved on July 14, 2007 from http//www.transparency.org/publications/gcr/download_gcr192Nordics least Corrupted Nations in the World Retrieved on July 14, 2007 from http//www.scandinavica.com/culture/society/corruption.htm4Jamaica Still Leading Caribbean do drugs RouteCNN News. March 01, 2003. Retrieved on July 14, 2007 from http//www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/americas/03/01/drugs.caribbean.reut/index.html5Haiti Tops World Corruption Table BBC News. November 06, 2006. Retrieved on July 14, 2007 from htt p//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6120522.stm6Aid To Haiti is Unfrozen, but Corruption and Chaos Remain Retrieved on July 14, 2007 from http//www.allbusiness.com/central-america/289066-1.html?yahss=114-2974554-2890667Magnificent, Troubled Myanmar Retrieved on July 14, 2007 from http//www.vagabonding.com/travelogue/000038.html8Myanmar Retrieved on July 14, 2007 from http//www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107808.html9Maung, Maya. The State of Burmese Economy under Military Management Retrieved on July 14, 2007 from http//www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/HRDU%201995/The%20state%20of%20Burmese%20Economy.htm10Brady, Joe. Corruption-Nearly None at All Retrieved on July 14, 2007 from http//virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=2589211Tiihonen, Paula. Good organisation and Corruption in Finland Retrieved on July 14 2007 from http//virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=25891Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. The Corruptions Perceptions Index 2006. Pages 324-330Lavers ,Tom. The G lobal Corruption Barometer pg. 13Finland Ranks as Least Corrupt CNN News. October 08, 2003. Retrieved on July 14 2007 from http//www.cnn.com/2003/BUSINESS/10/08/corruption.index/index.html